Crítica de Perfume de Violetas en Español

inminente...

Prolegomenon to any Future Phenomenology of Perfume Perception

Serge Lutens Wax Sample Haiku Project

For each entry, I am selecting a sample at random, without reading the name, and writing a haiku to reflect an image which comes immediately to mind. These short texts are not and are not intended to be reviews. They also are not intended to grasp the entirety of the perfume but only a momentary and immediate reaction upon application of the wax to the skin on the back of my hand. I find that these perfumes are not linear, so any momentary image cannot capture the complexity but only offer a glimpse of one time slice of a wear. In some cases the perfume eventually becomes much more appealing than my opening image construction suggests.


Haiku #1: Chypre Rouge
Haiku #2: Un Bois Sépia
Haiku #3: Un Lys
Haiku #4: Mandarine-Mandarin
Haiku #5: Santal Blanc
Haiku #6: Encens et Lavande
Haiku #7: Rahat Loukoum
Haiku #8: Fumerie Turque
Haiku #9: Fleurs de Citronnier
Haiku #10: Santal de Mysore
Haiku #11: Bois de Violette
Haiku #12: Cuir Mauresque
Haiku #13: Tubéreuse Criminelle
Haiku #14: Douce Amère
Haiku #15: Boxeuses
Haiku #16: Iris Silver Mist
Haiku #17: Bornéo 1834
Haiku #18: Bois et Fruits
Haiku #19: Bois Oriental
Haiku #20: Rose de Nuit
Haiku #21: El Attariine
Haiku #22: Chêne
Haiku #23: Une Voix Noire
Haiku #24: La Myrrhe
Haiku #25: Rousse
Haiku #26: Louve
Haiku #27: Miel de Bois
Haiku #28: Vétiver Oriental
Haiku #29: Sarrasins
Haiku #30: Fourreau Noir
Haiku #31: De Profundis
Haiku #32: Muscs Koublai Khan

Lessons Learned

Cliff's Notes to Coco Chanel

Skeptical Reflections on History occasioned by my reading of

Famous Fashion Designers: Coco Chanel (2011), by Dennis Abrams

Having recently viewed three feature-length films about Coco Chanel, all of which emerged around 2009-—Coco before Chanel, Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky, and Coco Chanel-—I decided that it might be nice to read a book about her, given that the sum total of my knowledge of the topic was exhausted by the information relayed in those films.

Little did I know that there are hundreds of books about Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel. Most of them are thick tomes with lengthy bibliographies many of the entries of which are earlier biographies of Chanel, and all of the hefty biographies which I took a look at (but did not read) repeatedly cited texts from previous biographies. The history of Coco Chanel has become a veritable industry with scholars writing new biographies presumably to supersede previous biographies, when in fact the primary source of most of the information revealed in any of the books is also previous books.

That is the nature of historical research, of course, which for that very reason has never appealed to me. I am happy that other people are willing to mine through mountains of earlier historians' books to try to figure out what is true and what is false about what has already been said, but I am far too much of a skeptic to be able dedicate my life to that sort of task. Attempting to discern the false from the true in the interpretations of previous historians about important persons and events strikes me as otiose at best. What are the criteria applied? Are not historians often seduced by interpretations which have been artfully designed?

How can a person write a book today about someone who died more than forty years ago? Well, by studying all of the already existent books and attempting to find a “new” angle. Or by locating previously unknown sources of information, in newly discovered letters or documents, or in archives not already mined. To be honest, I have never really understood how people get grants for historical research in archives. I realize that some of them are looking to answer a specific question, but the notion that there is something in an archive to be found, precisely the information needed to answer one's research question, seems tendentious, at best. It also supposes that previous treatments of the topic were inadequate, and the only grounds I've been able to come up with for believing such a thing, in a general way, as the basis of a profession, seem quite pragmatic to me. Burgeoning historians wish to secure positions, and once in academia, they wish to remain gainfully employed.

Since coming up with a “new” angle is what historians are required to do in order to survive professionally, it naturally behooves them to diminish the value of earlier works on their subject so as to elevate their own. It's a strange sort of paradox really, because students of history must simultaneously pay the proper deference to their mentors (also historians), while coming up with something new to say, which seems to imply that at least some of their mentors were wrong. The most interesting question in all of this to me is: why would one believe a priori that there was a new or better angle to come up with? Are new readings supposed to be better simply because they are new?

In the case of new translations of literary works, the thinking seems to be that as language evolves and cultures change, translations need to be updated. That is why translations of works as old as Plato's Republic continue to appear with each new generation of scholars. There are the so-called canonical translations, but young scholars of both ancient Greek and philosophy sometimes put forth newer translations, presumably regarded by them as necessary, which would seem to imply that the currently available translations are in some way inadequate.

In the case of history, the situation seems far more puzzling to me. Anyone who wishes to write a biography of Plato has commenced from a biography-derived understanding of Plato. To modern people, Plato may as well be a fictional character, since all that we have are dead people's accounts of his life. So what could a new biography of Plato possibly say which has not already been said without simply inventing something new?

Needless to say, the above skepticism clearly demonstrates that I would never have made it through a graduate program in history, had I been foolish enough to matriculate in one. How to adjudicate such a delicate and untenable duality? How to both criticize as wrong while paying deference to earlier historians at the very same time? No, thank you all the same.

To return to the case of Coco Chanel, I confess to having been a bit overwhelmed by all of the scholarship on this topic, and it seemed to me that there are basically two kinds of books on offer. First, there are the loyalists, the true believers in Coco Chanel as a great woman, and then there are the anti-loyalists, concerned to reveal her arrant depravity and to expose her for the scoundrel she really was. It makes sense that biographers should be polarized in this way, because anyone who goes to the effort to write an entire book about a topic tends to care quite a lot about it. Yes, passion seems to drive the so-called dispassionate quest for truth in history as elsewhere.

Having myself no interest in becoming a Chanel scholar, I finally decided to opt for the most recently published book which was also as short as possible, since I figured that I'd be sure to learn at least enough from such a book to determine whether I find Coco Chanel a topic sufficiently interesting to warrant reading a lengthier book about her. The book I ended up checking out, Coco Chanel by Dennis Abrams, was published in 2011 and spans a grand total of 124 pages, including an index and chronology. “Perfect” I thought to myself as I requested the book from the library online.

When the book arrived, I was quite surprised to find that it looked an awful lot like a school textbook. The print was large and there were many sidebars and other clues that this little volume was intended for educational purposes. For one thing, the blurb for the author, Dennis Abrams, indicates that he has also written biographies of Hillary Rodham Clinton, H.G. Wells, Rachael Ray, Xerxes, Albert Pujols, Georgia O'Keefe, and Nicolas Sarkozy!

Apparently Mr. Abrams, “a voracious reader since the age of three,” chews through scholarly biographies of famous people and then spits out short readable synopses of their lives. So this book, from the Famous Fashion Designers series published by Chelsea House, is in effect a Cliff's notes version of all of the big fat biographies which I was not sufficiently motivated to read based only on what I had learned about Chanel in three recent films.

I initially hypothesized that this might be a book for vocational tech students who are learning how to sew or perhaps for introductory students at a college of fashion design, primarily because some of Abrams' jibes at Coco seemed a bit too pointed for younger students. He makes a rather big deal out of the fact that she often lied about her life, particularly her lowly origins, and at one point he insists that she was not a designer because she never designed anything in the sense of drawing or sketching a design on paper.

Eventually, after having read the book, I searched for Chelsea House online and discovered that this book is intended for grades 6-12! As a true testimony to my severe deficit in the Coco Chanel scholarship department, I must confess that I managed to learn quite a lot from this little book. Well, I think that I learned from it—-if what Abrams has written is true. What he suggests is that the films which I viewed were loosely based on history, with all sorts of modifications made to increase the coherence of the films as works in and of themselves.

Facts about Chanel's beginnings in the world of fashion, how she supported herself, and why she never married seem to have been distorted in the films in order to make her seem more independent and admirable than she may have been. According to Abrams, Chanel did not marry Hugh Richard Arthur Grosvenor, but the reason seems to be that she was by then too old to bear him an heir. This is a very different version of the story than the one at least suggested in the films, which impart the distinct impression that Chanel was fiercely independent and refused to marry any man.

Another disparity involves the notion that Chanel was some sort of a feminist. Abrams explains that Chanel paid her workers poorly, and models especially, about whom she is cited as saying, “They're beautiful girls. Let them take lovers.” Again, when her workers went on strike to be paid better wages, as Abrams puts it, “Chanel felt that 'her girls' were getting paid quite enough as it was, and if they weren't, well, there were always men available who could help them.”

So much for the feminist myth. According to this account, Coco Chanel was definitely a liberated woman, but she was not a promoter of other women's liberation. The major contribution she appears to have made was to liberate women from their corsets, which was of course a good thing, but it's a far cry from feminism.

I learned a lot from this little book, as elementary as it is. The writing is not the best, but the text is readable. It certainly managed to pique my interest in this topic to the point where I now feel sufficiently motivated to take a stab at one of the larger tomes. I am especially interested in the story of the Wertheimer brothers who completely controlled the Chanel perfumery business. Coco Chanel apparently left everything to them when it came to perfume, initially because she wanted to focus on fashion. Later she regretted having signed off the rights to Chanel no 5, which was a resplendent success under the Wertheimers' management, but Chanel received only a small portion of the profits as a result of her contract with them. To find out more about that story, I'll need to read a bigger book. And I shall.

I do recommend this slim volume as a primer to people who are completely ignorant about the life of Coco Chanel. It would be a perfect lazy afternoon at the beach read as it offers enough of this woman's extraordinary life to keep even those who generally steer clear of biographies intrigued.  

Perfume Will Not Save You—Not Even Violet Perfume...

Ahora en español gracias a Gabriela Cortés!

reflections on 

Nadie te oye: Perfume de Violetas (2001), 

a film by Maryse Sistach*

The Story

Perfume de Violetas is set in modern-day Mexico City, where two adolescent girls, Yessica and Miriam, strike up an immediate friendship upon Yessica's arrival at her new school. She was expelled from her previous school for bad behavior and is generally strong willed, but her conflicts with authority seem to arise more often than not out of an abundance of energy conjoined with her refusal to docilely submit to bullies.

Yessica is a sensitive girl with a great joie de vivre and this is illustrated especially in the development of her friendship with Miriam. The first thing that Yessica notices upon sitting in the chair directly behind Miriam is that her long black hair smells wonderful. She looks at Miriam in awe from the moment of their first encounter, and from there on they become the best of friends.

Yessica lives in a poor part of Mexico City, so poor that the doors on her house, located below street level, are but hanging sheets, a clear indication that the family has nothing of value to protect from theft. Her mother toils her days away doing other people's laundry, and whenever Yessica is home, she is working too, either washing clothes or dishes, or caring for her mother's younger children. Her stepfather and stepbrother are stereotypical Latin macho males, and both seem to have little esteem for either Yessica or her mother.

As the friendship between Yessica and Miriam develops, the class distinction between the two girls becomes quite graphic. Miriam lives in a second-floor flat protected by barred windows and doors—what is typical for middle-class neighborhoods throughout Latin America. All of the bars may at first seem shocking to visitors from more prosperous countries where the general level of security obviates the need for such means. In upper-middle-class neighborhoods in Latin America, there are typically security guards stationed at street corners, and in especially affluent areas, each house may be individually guarded.

Miriam's standard of living would be considered closer to the working poor in the United States, as her mother works long days selling shoes at a Payless-type store, but from Yessica's perspective, Miriam lives in the lap of luxury. 

The first time that the girls go to Miriam's home, Yessica is filled with delight at the opulent sights of such “luxuries” as a refrigerator and a bathtub. The two girls indulge in a bath together, playing with bubbles and generally palling around. Aside from their mutual love of makeup and perfume, Miriam and Yessica are connected by the fact that neither has ever met her own father, having been raised by single mothers, although Yessica's is now remarried.

Throughout the development of their friendship, the scent of violets becomes a bind that ties the girls together. Miriam brings a bar of soap to school to let Yessica smell, indicating that it is the same scent which she noticed in her hair on the day they first met. 

At Miriam's house, Yessica is constantly spritzing herself with the liquids she finds in spray bottles. They look to be cheap drugstore-type perfumes or body sprays, but to Yessica they may as well be the nectar of the gods. The girls also play with makeup, and dance around when they are together after school, but the story takes a lurching turn for the worse one day when Yessica is walking back home alone after having spent time at Miriam's.

This harrowing scene, in which Yessica is brutally raped, was presaged by earlier conflicts. First, the girls had resisted the advances of Yessica's stepbrother and his friend, a bus driver, earlier in the week. In addition, Yessica and her stepbrother are in constant conflict back home, engaged in a relentless power struggle.

Shockingly, the bus driver grabs the girl as she is walking down the street and forcibly drags her to and throws her into his bus, which is parked in an empty lot. Meanwhile Yessica's stepbrother sits outside the bus, essentially guarding against any passersby who might approach and take note of what is transpiring inside.

The rape leaves Yessica badly bruised and battered. When she returns to school, the blood on her backside is noticed by some of the students during gym class. She is taken by the teacher to the school principal's office, where she is upbraided by both women, incapable as she evidently is of explaining what has happened to her. The principal looks eerily like Condoleezza “We don't want the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud” Rice, and she conducts herself with great hostility, verbally abusing Yessica and thus adding insult to her horrific injuries.

Despite all that she has been through, Yessica pulls herself together and manages to continue on, refusing to let her spirit be daunted.

 But the rape has taken its toll on the girl, and when she goes with her boyfriend to La Fuente, a sort of lovers' lane where couples apparently often meet to make out, she abruptly pushes him away when he attempts to touch her. She jumps up and runs off, leaving the boy behind puzzled by her behavior. Of course, it all makes perfect sense, given what recently happened to her.

Miriam and Yessica continue to pal around and at one point they are looking at hair ties at a kiosk when Yessica steals a small bottle of violet perfume which she seems to find irresistible. The girl runs away with the bottle, leaving Miriam behind to contend with the wrath of the shop clerk. 

Miriam pays for the perfume and, in a state of shock that her best friend could have done such a thing, she goes to the store where her mother works to tell her what happened.

Miriam's mother has been worried about the friendship from the beginning, having noticed among other things that the two girls were smoking in the apartment, which incenses her, given the difficulty she had in kicking the habit.

After his friend the bus driver raped Yessica, her stepbrother, who appears to regard the incident as having been humorous, warns her not to tell anyone what happened “or else...” He was offered and accepted money by the rapist for having stood guard during the violation, and he uses the money to buy himself a pair of fancy new athletic shoes. 

Throughout the film, the fascination which these relatively poor people have with commodified objects of desire is illustrated over and over again. Symbolically, it is Miriam's mother who sells the shoes to the young man, entirely unaware of his connection to Yessica.

The friendship between Miriam and Yessica has suffered a severe rupture because of Yessica's theft of the violet perfume, and the humiliation and shame it caused to Miriam. It seems as though there is no way to repair the damage done, but Yessica creates a collage of pictures of her and Miriam and returns to her house, expressing sorrow and regret at what happened. 

The girls are relieved to be reunited once again, and Miriam flouts her mother's counsel to have nothing to do with Yessica. She also lets her into the house, against her mother's prohibition.

While visiting this time, Yessica steals a roll of money hidden in Miriam's mother's jewelry box, which she gives to her own mother, who has complained over and over again about the family's financial woes. The stolen money had been saved up slowly by Miriam's mother from her low-paying shoe store job to buy a new television, and when she discovers that it is missing she becomes irate. At one point she launches into a tirade about Yessica, insisting that she is not only a thief and a traitor but also a tramp. Basically, her explanation of what happened to Yessica (the rape) is that “she asked for it.”

Unbelievably, the bus driver and Yessica's stepbrother abduct her yet again for yet another rape in the bus (and it appears that this has become a serial event, although only two of the incidents are shown explicitly in the film). This time, Yessica is dazed and confused and manages to make her way back to Miriam's house but finds no one there. 

All of the doors and windows have been chained shut to prevent anyone's entrance. When it starts to rain, Yessica hides under the stairwell, where she falls asleep.

The next day, Yessica manages to drag herself to school, where Miriam's mother has been meeting with the principal to discuss the thefts committed by Yessica—both the violet perfume and the money—and Yessica is summoned to the office, but two of the school staff members recognize what has happened to her (her knees are badly bruised and her neck is bleeding). 

At last, someone at the school acknowledges to Yessica that “No one has the right to do that to you.” While the girl is in the school infirmary, Miriam shoots a paper airplane through the window with a note telling her to meet her in the bathroom.

Yessica goes to the bathroom expecting a reunion with her friend. Instead, Miriam assaults her verbally, repeating the words applied to Yessica by Miriam's mother: thief, traitor, tramp! The two girls, both angry, get in a shoving match, culminating tragically with Miriam's death when she falls backwards and bangs her head on the porcelain toilet.

 Yessica runs away from the scene and heads back to Miriam's house where she lays down on Miriam's bed.

When Miriam's mother returns home that night, she finds the door ajar and is visibly worried about her daughter until she sees that her bed is occupied. She lays down next to Yessica, who is completely covered with a blanket in the darkness. Thinking that the person in the bed is Miriam, the mother is deeply relieved to have found her back home, safe and sound. The film ends with the phone ringing, a call from someone at the school bearing the horrific news of her daughter's death.

Discussion

Perfume de Violetas is a depressing, almost nihilistic film. It is certainly an extreme example of film noir, albeit set in Mexico City, in that corruption suffuses the entire story. The only person among all of the various characters who appears to be entirely innocent is Miriam, who is killed as a result of all of the evil forces acting around her.

How might this tragedy have been averted? Perhaps only if Yessica had felt it possible to report the first rape as soon as it happened. She did not do so because she was living in a culture where the presumption was against females, who were to accept whatever was dished out to them. The behavior of females toward females throughout the film reveals that they, too, have been infected by insidious sexism.

My initial reaction to this film was that the ending was unduly and even gratuitously sinister, stretching credulity past its breaking point. The dénouement in fact reminded me a lot of what is probably my favorite film noir (also in blazing technicolor!): Plein Soleil [Purple Noon] (1960), directed by René Clément. The trauma which Miriam's mother will experience upon realizing that the girl in her daughter's bed is not Miriam, who is in fact dead, is truly painful to imagine.

The film is well made and well paced, covering an amazing amount of ground in only 90 minutes. It is clearly a low-budget production but is well directed, and the acting is also quite good. I was equally impressed by the artful selection and use of music. My primary gripe with the film was only that the plot was so horrible as to be too unrealistic. To my shock, I learned upon visiting IMDB.com (the Internet Movie Database) that Perfume de Violetas is based on a true story. So as unrealistically awful as the story was, it turns out that the events which it depicts really happened, which in some ways makes the whole thing even worse.

Perfume de Violetas is an important work. It highlights the living conditions of the poor and working poor in Mexico City and follows in a tradition of Spanish language film auteurs, including Luis Buñuel, who during his years in Mexico directed Los Olvidados [The Young and the Damned] (1950), a gritty black-and-white film also concerned with the plight of the poor of Mexico City, but people much worse off than either Miriam or Yessica (and with no access to or knowledge of perfume). Las Hurdes [Land without Bread] (1933), directed by Buñuel in Spain, also dealt with a much lower level of poverty than that depicted in Perfume de Violetas.

In this film, perfume plays an important role. Perfume is what first attracts Yessica to Miriam—or rather the scent of her hair, which has been washed with violet soap. Perfume serves throughout the story as a means for Yessica to escape from her own sordid conditions to a world of olfactory delight. 

Perfume represents promise and hope. It also serves as a salve to soothe the violated girl's pain. After having been raped, as Yessica attempts to get her wits about her, she refuses to be crushed but instead reaches for perfume, as though traveling to a fantasy world, where the evil people who mistreated her do not exist.

Perfume also serves as a temptation. Yessica steals the small bottle of violet perfume from the kiosk because she wants it so badly but has no money to buy it for herself. In this way, the perfume serves as a potential source of danger, for it causes Yessica to act in ways which disrupt the best thing she has ever had up until then: a friendship with a loving and kind girl who is so innocent that she does not yet make social and economic class divisions between different people.

Miriam accepts Yessica as she is, without questioning whether she is from “the wrong side of the tracks,” so to speak. Even when Yessica acts in ways which harm Miriam, she is able to forgive her. But in the end, she loses not only her friendship but her life, and that is why this film seems so nihilistic. The hope and beauty is all crushed, like Yessica's bottle of perfume by her angry mother, who throws it to the ground in a senseless display of outrage. In effect she says to her daughter through this gesture that she has no right to perfume, because they are poor.

What is the point of this film, for privileged perfumistas such as ourselves whose in some ways laughable monetary concern is whether we can afford the latest überniche luxury launch? How should we interpret this disturbing story?

To be honest, I sometimes wonder whether we are not living in a big fat scented bubble. When we complain about the price of perfume or bicker amongst ourselves over whether perfumery is an art, we are indulging in a luxury which is so far beyond the reality of most of the people on the planet, some of whose conditions are depicted in this film, that it verges on obscene.

Despite our elevated socioeconomic status—as evidenced by the fact that we are even capable of having perfume appreciation as a hobby—we are very much like Yessica in our fascination with perfume. We are willing to forgo other things in order to have our coveted perfume. But there is a positive message here as well.

In reality, it appears that we enjoy perfume in precisely the way in which Yessica does. Perfume is a source of pleasure for us, as it is for her. Does it matter whether we describe that source of pleasure in one way or another? Why can we not simply accept that perfume gives us pleasure? Why must there be more to it than that? Are we afraid of our own hedonism?

I also sometimes wonder whether the energy being currently directed to defend the claim that perfumery is one of the beaux arts is not disproportionate to what would be the consequences of that view, if it were affirmed by an elite few to be true. Clearly the experience of perfume by people such as Miriam and Yessica would not be altered in the least. 

Would our own appreciation of perfume change if we were to describe it in the lofty terms of some abstruse theory? I think not. We would still love perfume for precisely the same reason and in precisely the way in which Yessica does. Why? Because it smells good.

*Caveat: If you happen to number among the millions of persons currently attempting to wean themselves off SSRIs—having at last realized in what must have been a painful epiphany that it was all an elaborate ruse devised to pad the pockets of Pharmafirm CEOs while getting you to shut up—then I advise you to stay very far away from this grim, nearly nihilistic film.